Ancient Diet and Agricultural Economy in the Levant: An Archaeobotanical Study

This study utilizes archaeobotanical macroremains to explore the impact of integration into the Roman empire on foodways and agriculture in the Levant. Published and unpublished data from 65 sites dating from 1000 BCE to 500 CE are subjected to meta-analysis in order to shed light on patterns according to chronological and social variations. Additional archaeological evidence and literary comparisons are integrated throughout. Results reveal the unique character of consumption patterns in the region. The data reflect a variety of phenomena, including agricultural expansion, shifts in crop choices and cultural preferences, dietary regionalism, and the use of agricultural by-products and alternative fuel sources. Findings ultimately shift the narrative from Roman impact on provincial consumption patterns to instead highlight the importance and influence of local food practices. In bringing the eastern provinces into greater focus, the need for a nuanced approach to ancient foodways is emphasized.